How to use Excel's VLOOKUP function

What exactly is VLOOKUP?

Basically, VLOOKUP lets you search for specific information in your spreadsheet. For example, if you have a list of products with prices, you could search for the price of a specific item.
We're going to use VLOOKUP to find the price of the Photo frame. You can probably already see that the price is $9.99, but that's because this is a simple example. Once you learn how to use VLOOKUP, you'll be able to use it with larger, more complex spreadsheets, and that's when it will become truly useful.

We'll add our formula to cell E2, but you can add it to any blank cell. As with any formula, you'll start with an equals sign (=). Then type the formula name. Our arguments will need to be in parentheses, so type an open parenthesis. So far, it should look like this:
=VLOOKUP(

Adding the arguments

Now, we'll add our arguments. The arguments will tell VLOOKUP what to search for and where to search.
The first argument is the name of the item you're searching for, which in this case is Photo frame. Because the argument is text, we'll need to put it in double quotes:
=VLOOKUP("Photo frame"
The second argument is the cell range that contains the data. In this example, our data is in A2:B16. As with any function, you'll need to use a comma to separate each argument:
=VLOOKUP("Photo frame", A2:B16
Note: It's important to know that VLOOKUP will always search the first column in this range. In this example, it will search column A for "Photo frame". In some cases, you may need to move the columns around so the first column contains the correct data.
The third argument is the column index number. It's simpler than it sounds: The first column in the range is 1, the second column is 2, etc. In this case, we are trying to find the price of the item, and the prices are contained in the second column. This means our third argument will be 2:
=VLOOKUP("Photo frame", A2:B16, 2
The fourth argument tells VLOOKUP whether to look for approximate matches, and it can be either TRUE or FALSE. If it is TRUE, it will look for approximate matches. Generally, this is only useful if the first column has numerical values that have been sorted. Because we're only looking for exact matches, the fourth argument should be FALSE. This is our last argument, so go ahead and close the parentheses:
=VLOOKUP("Photo frame", A2:B16, 2, FALSE)
That's it! When you press Enter, it should give you the answer, which is 9.99.

How it works

Let's take a look at how this formula works. It first searches vertically down the first column (VLOOKUP is short for vertical lookup). When it finds "Photo frame", it moves to the second column to find the price.

If we want to find the price of a different item, we can just change the first argument:
=VLOOKUP("T-shirt", A2:B16, 2, FALSE)
or:
=VLOOKUP("Gift basket", A2:B16, 2, FALSE)

Another example

Are you ready for a slightly more complicated example? Let's say we have a third column that has the category for each item. This time, instead of finding the price we'll find the category.

To find the category, we'll need to change the second and third arguments in our formula. First, we'll change the range to A2:C16 so it includes the third column. Next, we'll change the column index number to 3 because our categories are in the third column:
=VLOOKUP("Gift basket", A2:C16, 3, FALSE)
When you press Enter, you'll see that the Gift basket is in the Gifts category.

Macro to Change All Text in a Cell Range to Initial Capital Letters

Macro to Change All Text in a Range to Uppercase Letters

Sub Uppercase()
   ' Loop to cycle through each cell in the specified range.
   For Each x In Range("A1:A5")
      ' Change the text in the range to uppercase letters.
      x.Value = UCase(x.value)
   Next
End Sub
    

Macro to Change All Text in a Range to Lowercase Letters

Sub Lowercase()
   ' Loop to cycle through each cell in the specified range.
   For Each x In Range("B1:B5")
      x.Value = LCase(x.Value)
   Next
End Sub
    

Macro to Change All Text in a Cell Range to Initial Capital Letters

Sub Proper_Case()
   ' Loop to cycle through each cell in the specified range.
   For Each x In Range("C1:C5")
      ' There is not a Proper function in Visual Basic for Applications.
      ' So, you must use the worksheet function in the following form:
      x.Value = Application.Proper(x.Value)
   Next
End Sub
    

Testing the Sample Macros

To test the sample macros, follow these steps:

1. In the same workbook that contains the macros, enter the following sample data into a new worksheet:

       A1: toM         B1: toM        C1: toM
       A2: sUe         B2: sUe        C2: sUe
       A3: joe SMITH   B3: joe SMITH  C3: joe SMITH
       A4: mary        B4: mary       C4: mary
       A5: LORI        B5: LORI       C5: LORI
         

   NOTE: This sample data contains text formatted in various cases that you can use to verify how each macro works.
2. Run each of the macros.

The text in the range specified in the macro (in the line that reads "For each x in ...") will be formatted in uppercase, lowercase, or initial capitals, as appropriate.